polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応（日本語）
- (Español)
解説
- 容器内でDNAを人工的に合成する反応．
- 1983年にKary B. Mullisにより原理が考えられたが，Saiki et al.（1985）で知られることになった．方法自体はMullis & Faloona（1987）で発表された．
- 現在では自動化され，生物学の研究を行う上で必要不可欠な技術になっている．
Explanation
- The polymerase chain reaction for gene amplification (PCR), introduced by Saiki and colleagues in 1985, has the qualities of a great scientific discovery: technical simplicity, yetthe remarkable power and versatility to cause rapid transformations in many fields. In microbial systematics PCR is replacing standard methods for clonig and sequencing genes, the basic processes by which molecular phylogenetic comparisons are made among organisms. The advantage of PCR include simplicity, speed, and an inherent sensitivity to small amounts of DNA (Mullis and Faloona, 1987).
Definition
Glossary of Plant Systematics (1st ed.) by Simpson (2006)
- A procedure for the rapid amplification of DNA using primers, free nucleotides, and DNA polymerase in solution and heating the solution to effect denaturation and replication of the DNA. Abbr: PCR.
- An enzymatic technique for the rapid production of millions of copies of a particular stretch of DNA where only a small amount of the parent molecule is available.
Glossary of "The Evolution of Plants (2nd ed.)" by Willis & McElwain (2014)
- Technique used to replicate a fragment of DNA so as to produce many copies of a particular DNA sequence.
文献（引用）
- Giovannoni, S. 1991. The Polymerase Chain Reaction. In Stackebrandt, E, & Goodfellow, M., Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, pp. 178-203. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York.
- Mullis, K. B. & Faloona, F. A. 1987. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 155: 335-350.
- Saiki, R. K., Scharf, S., Faloona, F., Mullis, K. B., Horn, G. T., Erlich, H. A. & Arnheim, N. 1985. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230: 1350–1354.
- Simpson, M. G. 2006. Plant Systematics. -xi + 590 pp. Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford.
- Sadava, D., Hillis, D. M., Heller, H. C. & Berenbaum, M. R. 2011. Life: The Science of Biology, 9th ed. -xliv + 1266 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.
- Willis, K. J. & McElwain, J. C. 2014. The Evolution of Plants, 2nd ed. -ix + 398 pp. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- PCR
- Giovannoni, S. 1991. The Polymerase Chain Reaction. In Stackebrandt, E, & Goodfellow, M., Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, pp. 178-203. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York.
- Mullis, K. B. & Faloona, F. A. 1987. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 155: 335-350.
- Saiki, R. K., Scharf, S., Faloona, F., Mullis, K. B., Horn, G. T., Erlich, H. A. & Arnheim, N. 1985. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230: 1350–1354.
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