Ecosystem

ecosystem(s)

• 生態系，エコシステム（日本語）
• (Español)

Definition

Glossary of "Ecology (6th ed.)" by Krebs (2009)

• biotic community and its abiotic environment; the whole Earth can be considered as one large ecosystem.

Glossary of "Plant Biology (1st ed.)" by Graham et al. (2003)

• The community of organisms in a defined area plus its physical environment.

Glossary of "Life (9th ed.)" by Sadava et al. (2011)

• The organisms of a particular habitat, such as pond or forest, together with the physical environment in which they live.

Glossary of "Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet (2nd ed.)" by Botkin & Keller (1998)

• An ecological community and its local, nonbiological community. An ecosystem is the minimum system that includes and sustains life. It must include at least an autotroph, a decomposer, a liquid medium, a source and sink of energy, and all the chemical elements required by the autotroph and the decomposer.

文献（引用）

• Botkin, D. B. & Keller, E. A. 1998. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet, 2nd ed. -xxxxii + 649 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
• Graham, L. E., Graham, J. M. & Wilcox, L. W. 2003. Plant Biology. -xxxv + 497 pp. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River.
• Krebs, C. J. 2009. Ecology, 6th ed. -xvi + 655 pp. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco.
• Sadava, D., Hillis, D. M., Heller, H. C. & Berenbaum, M. R. 2011. Life: The Science of Biology, 9th ed. -xliv + 1266 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.

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広島大学 / デジタル自然史博物館 / 植物 / アルファベット順 / E | 仮名順 にもどる