「DNA」の版間の差分
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===Glossary of "Life (9th ed.)" by [[Sadava_Hillis_Heller_Berenbaum_2011|Sadava et al. (2011)]]=== | ===Glossary of "Life (9th ed.)" by [[Sadava_Hillis_Heller_Berenbaum_2011|Sadava et al. (2011)]]=== | ||
*The fundamental hereditary material of all living [[organism|organisms]]. In [[eukaryotes]], stored primarily in the cell [[nucleus]]. A [[nucleic_acid|nucleic acid]] using [[deoxyribose]] rather than [[ribose]]. | *The fundamental hereditary material of all living [[organism|organisms]]. In [[eukaryotes]], stored primarily in the cell [[nucleus]]. A [[nucleic_acid|nucleic acid]] using [[deoxyribose]] rather than [[ribose]]. | ||
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| + | ===Glossary of "An Introduction to Biological Evolution (2nd ed.)" by [[Kardong_2008|Kardong (2008)]]=== | ||
| + | *Deoxyribonucleic acid; a double-stranded helix of nucleotides that constitute the hereditary material of the cell; the agent of inheritance and cell metabolism; transcribes RNA. | ||
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| + | ==文献（引用）== | ||
| + | *[[Kardong_2008|Kardong, K. V. 2008. An Introduction to Biological Evolution, 2nd ed. -xvi + 352 pp. McGraw-Hill, New York.]] | ||
== 文献（引用） == | == 文献（引用） == | ||
2019年10月18日 (金) 16:20時点における版
DNA (or deoxyribonucleic acid)
- デオキシリボ核酸，DNA（日本語）
- (Español)
解説
- DNA（デオキシリボ核酸，deoxyribonucleic acid）は，地球上の生物の多くで遺伝情報を保持するために使われている物質．
- 1940年代から50年代に遺伝情報の本体がDNAであることが明らかになった．1953年にワトソンとクリックが本鎖の塩基配列は互いに相補的であり，らせん状にねじれた二重らせん構造をとるというDNAモデルを発表している（後にノーベル賞を受賞）．
- DNAは五炭糖のデオキシリボースとリン酸，塩基（アデニンA，グアニンG，シトシンC，チミンT）からなる．この最小単位をヌクレオチドと呼ぶ．ヌクレオチド分子同士は，リン酸を介したフォスフォジエステル結合で結合した鎖状の分子構造をとる．
- DNAは相補的な配列をもつ2本鎖でできており，お互いが水素結合をして二重らせん構造をとる．複製や転写の際には，5’端側から3’端側に合成される．2本鎖の片方を鋳型にして，それが新しいDNAの一部になるため，複製が正確になるとともに，損傷の修復にも有利である．
- DNA分子はヌクレオチドがつながってできており，地球上でもっとも大きな分子のひとつである．
Definition
Glossary of "Plant Biology (1st ed.)" by Graham et al. (2003)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic information storage material.
Glossary of "The Third Chimpanzee" by Diamond (2014)
- short for deoxyribonucleic acid; the set of molecules that contain the genetic code for each living thing, and that are the basis for genetic traits passed from parents to their offspring; DNA is made up of genes grouped into strands called chromosomes
Glossary of "Biogeography (9th ed.)" by Cox et al. (2016)
Glossary of "Life (9th ed.)" by Sadava et al. (2011)
- The fundamental hereditary material of all living organisms. In eukaryotes, stored primarily in the cell nucleus. A nucleic acid using deoxyribose rather than ribose.
Glossary of "An Introduction to Biological Evolution (2nd ed.)" by Kardong (2008)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid; a double-stranded helix of nucleotides that constitute the hereditary material of the cell; the agent of inheritance and cell metabolism; transcribes RNA.
文献（引用）
文献（引用）
- Cox, C. B., Moore, P. D. & Ladle, R. J. 2016. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach, 9th ed. - xiii + 482 pp. Wiley Blackwell, Chichester.
- Diamond, J. (Adapted by Stefoff, R.) 2014. The Third Chimpanzee, For Young People, on the Evolution and Future of the Human Animal. xiii + 370 pp. Seven Stories Press, New York.
- Graham, L. E., Graham, J. M. & Wilcox, L. W. 2003. Plant Biology. -xxxv + 497 pp. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River.
- Sadava, D., Hillis, D. M., Heller, H. C. & Berenbaum, M. R. 2011. Life: The Science of Biology, 9th ed. -xliv + 1266 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.
