Closed system

closed system

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Definition

Glossary of "Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet (2nd ed.)" by Botkin & Keller (1998)

• A type of system in which there are definite boundaries to factors such as mass and energy such that exchange of these factors with other systems does not occur.

文献（引用）

• Botkin, D. B. & Keller, E. A. 1998. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet, 2nd ed. -xxxxii + 649 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

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広島大学 / デジタル自然史博物館 / 植物 / アルファベット順 / C | 仮名順 にもどる