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| == Definition == | | == Definition == |
− | === Glossary of Evolution (2nd ed.) by [[Futuyma_2009|Futuyma (2009)]] === | + | ===Glossary of "Biology (3rd ed.)" by [[Hardin_Bajema_1978|Hardin & Bajema (1978)]]=== |
| + | *the fitness of an organism for its environment; it is usually measured by longevity (physiological adaptation) or by reproductive success (evolutionary adaptation); also, the process leading to the adapted condition. |
| + | === Glossary of "Evolutionary Biology (3rd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_1998|Futuyma (1998)]] === |
| + | *A process of genetic change of a population, owing to natural selection, whereby the average stage of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, an adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage owing to its provision of an improvement in some function. A complex concept; see Chapter 12. |
| + | === Glossary of "Plant Systematics (1st ed.)" by [[Simpson_2006|Simpson (2006)]] === |
| + | *A structure or feature that performs a particular function and which results in increased survival or reproduction. |
| + | === Glossary of "The Cell (5th ed.)" by [[Alberts_Johnson_Lewis_Raff_Roberts_Walter_2008|Alberts et al. (2008)]] === |
| + | *(1) adaptation (desensitization): Adjustment of sensitivity following repeated stimulation. The mechanism that allows a cell to react to small changes in stimuli even against a high background level of stimulation. (2) evolutionary adaptation: an evolved trait. |
| + | === Glossary of "Ecology (6th ed.)" by [[Krebs_2009|Krebs (2009)]] === |
| + | *any alteration in the structure or function of an organism by which the organism becomes better able to survive and multiply in its environment. |
| + | === Glossary of "Evolution (2nd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_2009|Futuyma (2009)]] === |
| *A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function. | | *A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function. |
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− | === Glossary of Ecology (6th ed.) by [[Krebs_2009|Krebs (2009)]] ===
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− | * any alteration in the structure or function of an organism by which the organism becomes better able to survive and multiply in its environment.
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− | === Glossary of Plant Systematics (1st ed.) by [[Simpson_2006|Simpson (2006)]] ===
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− | * A structure or feature that performs a particular function and which results in increased survival or reproduction.
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− | === Glossary of The Cell (5th ed.) by [[Alberts_Johnson_Lewis_Raff_Roberts_Walter_2008|Alberts et al. (2008)]] ===
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− | *(1) adaptation (desensitization): Adjustment of sensitivity following repeated stimulation. The mechanism that allows a cell to react to small changes in stimuli even against a high background level of stimulation. (2) evolutionary adaptation: an evolved trait.
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| ===Glossary of "Evolution (3rd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_2013|Futuyma (2013)]]=== | | ===Glossary of "Evolution (3rd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_2013|Futuyma (2013)]]=== |
| *A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function. A complex concept. | | *A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function. A complex concept. |
− | | + | === Glossary of "Evolution (4th ed.)" by [[Futuyma_Kirkpatrick_2017|Futuyma & Kirkpatrick (2017)]] === |
− | ===Glossary of "Biology (3rd ed.)" by [[Hardin_Bajema_1978|Hardin & Bajema (1978)]]=== | + | *A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function. |
− | *the fitness of an organism for its environment; it is usually measured by longevity (physiological adaptation) or by reproductive success (evolutionary adaptation); also, the process leading to the adapted condition. | |
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| == 文献(引用) == | | == 文献(引用) == |
− | * [[Futuyma_2009|Futuyma, D. J. 2009. Evolution, 2nd ed. -xviii + 633 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]] | + | *[[Alberts_Johnson_Lewis_Raff_Roberts_Walter_2008|Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J. Raff, M., Roberts, K. & Walter P. 2008. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th ed. -xxxiv + 1616 pp. Garland Science, New York.]] |
− | * [[Futuyma_2013|Futuyma, D. J. 2013. Evolution, 3rd ed. -xviii + 656 + 14 + 37 + 2 + 36 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]] | + | *[[Futuyma_1998|Futuyma, D. J. 1998. Evolutionary Biology, 3rd ed. -xviii + 763 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]] |
− | * [[Hardin_Bajema_1978|Hardin, G. & Bajema, C. 1978. Biology, its Principles and Implications, third edition. -x + 790 pp. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.]] | + | *[[Futuyma_2009|Futuyma, D. J. 2009. Evolution, 2nd ed. -xviii + 633 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]] |
− | * [[Krebs_2009|Krebs, C. J. 2009. Ecology, 6th ed. -xvi + 655 pp. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco.]] | + | *[[Futuyma_2013|Futuyma, D. J. 2013. Evolution, 3rd ed. -xviii + 656 + 14 + 37 + 2 + 36 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]] |
− | * [[Simpson_2006|Simpson, M. G. 2006. Plant Systematics. -xi + 590 pp. Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford.]] | + | *[[Futuyma_Kirkpatrick_2017|Futuyma, D. J. & Kirkpatrick, M. 2017. Evolution, 4th ed. -xviii + 602 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]] |
− | * [[Alberts_Johnson_Lewis_Raff_Roberts_Walter_2008|Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J. Raff, M., Roberts, K. & Walter P. 2008. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th ed. -xxxiv + 1616 pp. Garland Science, New York.]]
| + | *[[Hardin_Bajema_1978|Hardin, G. & Bajema, C. 1978. Biology, its Principles and Implications, third edition. -x + 790 pp. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.]] |
| + | *[[Krebs_2009|Krebs, C. J. 2009. Ecology, 6th ed. -xvi + 655 pp. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco.]] |
| + | *[[Simpson_2006|Simpson, M. G. 2006. Plant Systematics. -xi + 590 pp. Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford.]] |
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| [http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/index-j.html 広島大学] / [http://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~museum/ デジタル自然史博物館] / [http://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~museum/plant/ 植物] / [[生物の用語集(アルファベット順)|アルファベット順]] / [[生物の用語集(アルファベット順)_A|A]] | [[生物の用語集(仮名順)|仮名順]] にもどる | | [http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/index-j.html 広島大学] / [http://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~museum/ デジタル自然史博物館] / [http://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~museum/plant/ 植物] / [[生物の用語集(アルファベット順)|アルファベット順]] / [[生物の用語集(アルファベット順)_A|A]] | [[生物の用語集(仮名順)|仮名順]] にもどる |
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40行目: |
40行目: |
| [[Category:分類]] | | [[Category:分類]] |
| [[Category:生態]] | | [[Category:生態]] |
| + | [[Category:進化]] |
| [[Category:用語]] | | [[Category:用語]] |
| [[Category:A]] | | [[Category:A]] |