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== Definition ==
== Definition ==
===Glossary of "Biology (3rd ed.)" by [[Hardin_Bajema_1978|Hardin & Bajema (1978)]]===
*the fitness of an organism for its environment; it is usually measured by longevity (physiological adaptation) or by reproductive success (evolutionary adaptation); also, the process leading to the adapted condition.
=== Glossary of "Evolutionary Biology (3rd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_1998|Futuyma (1998)]] ===
*A process of genetic change of a population, owing to natural selection, whereby the average stage of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, an adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage owing to its provision of an improvement in some function. A complex concept; see Chapter 12.
=== Glossary of "Plant Systematics (1st ed.)" by [[Simpson_2006|Simpson (2006)]] ===
* A structure or feature that performs a particular function and which results in increased survival or reproduction.
=== Glossary of "The Cell (5th ed.)" by [[Alberts_Johnson_Lewis_Raff_Roberts_Walter_2008|Alberts et al. (2008)]] ===
*(1) adaptation (desensitization): Adjustment of sensitivity following repeated stimulation. The mechanism that allows a cell to react to small changes in stimuli even against a high background level of stimulation. (2) evolutionary adaptation: an evolved trait.
=== Glossary of "Evolution (2nd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_2009|Futuyma (2009)]] ===
=== Glossary of "Evolution (2nd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_2009|Futuyma (2009)]] ===
*A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function.
*A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function.
=== Glossary of "Ecology (6th ed.)" by [[Krebs_2009|Krebs (2009)]] ===
=== Glossary of "Ecology (6th ed.)" by [[Krebs_2009|Krebs (2009)]] ===
* any alteration in the structure or function of an organism by which the organism becomes better able to survive and multiply in its environment.
* any alteration in the structure or function of an organism by which the organism becomes better able to survive and multiply in its environment.
===Glossary of "Evolution (3rd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_2013|Futuyma (2013)]]===
===Glossary of "Evolution (3rd ed.)" by [[Futuyma_2013|Futuyma (2013)]]===
*A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function. A complex concept.
*A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function. A complex concept.
=== Glossary of "Evolution (4th ed.)" by [[Futuyma_Kirkpatrick_2017|Futuyma & Kirkpatrick (2017)]] ===
=== Glossary of "Evolution (4th ed.)" by [[Futuyma_Kirkpatrick_2017|Futuyma & Kirkpatrick (2017)]] ===
*A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function.
*A process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, the average state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some feature of its environment. Also, ''an'' adaptation: a feature that has become prevalent in a population because of a selective advantage conveyed by that feature in the improvement in some function.
== 文献（引用） ==
== 文献（引用） ==