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===Glossary of "Cladistics (2nd ed.)" by [[Kitching_Forey_Humphries_Williams_1998|Kitching et al. (1998)]]===
===Glossary of "Cladistics (2nd ed.)" by [[Kitching_Forey_Humphries_Williams_1998|Kitching et al. (1998)]]===
*(1) A group is diagnosed as monophyletic by the discover of [[homologies]] ([[synapomorphies]]). Also known as a [[clade]]. (2) A group that includes a most recent common ancestor plus all and only all of its descendants. See also [[component]], [[paraphyly]], [[polyphyly]].
*(1) A group is diagnosed as monophyletic by the discover of [[homologies]] ([[synapomorphies]]). Also known as a [[clade]]. (2) A group that includes a most recent common ancestor plus all and only all of its descendants. See also [[component]], [[paraphyly]], [[polyphyly]].
==="Phylogenetics" by [[Wiley_1981|Wiley (1981)]], p. 7===
*A natural taxon composed of two or more species comprises a monophyletic group. Another term for a monophyletic group is a [[clade]]. (Species, insofar as they are natural, are ''a priori'' monophyletic. In other words, the terms "monophyletic", "paraphyletic", or "oplyphyletic" do not really apply to natural species.)
== 文献（引用） ==
== 文献（引用） ==
*[[Kitching_Forey_Humphries_Williams_1998|Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L. Humphries, C. J. & Williams, D. M. 1998. Cladistics, 2nd ed.: the Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis. -xii + 228 pp. Oxford University Press, New York.]]
*[[Kitching_Forey_Humphries_Williams_1998|Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L. Humphries, C. J. & Williams, D. M. 1998. Cladistics, 2nd ed.: the Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis. -xii + 228 pp. Oxford University Press, New York.]]
*[[Wiley_1981|Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics: the Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics. -xv + 439 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.]]
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