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===Glossary of "Ecology (6th ed.)" by [[Krebs_2009|Krebs (2009)]]===
===Glossary of "Ecology (6th ed.)" by [[Krebs_2009|Krebs (2009)]]===
* all the biotic and abiotic factors that actually affect an individual organism at any point in its life cycle.
* all the biotic and abiotic factors that actually affect an individual organism at any point in its life cycle.
===Glossary of "Evolution (4th ed.)" by [[Futuyma_Kirkpatrick_2017|Futuyma & Kirkpatrick (2017)]]===
===Glossary of "Evolution (4th ed.)" by [[Futuyma_Kirkpatrick_2017|Futuyma & Kirkpatrick (2017)]]===
*Usually, the complex of external physical, chemical, and biotic factors that may affect a population, an organism, or the expression of an organism's genes; more generally, anything external to the object of interest (e.g., a gene, an organism, a population) that may influence its function or activity. Thus, other genes within an organism may be part of a gene's environment, or other individuals in a population may be part of an organism's environment.
*Usually, the complex of external physical, chemical, and biotic factors that may affect a population, an organism, or the expression of an organism's genes; more generally, anything external to the object of interest (e.g., a gene, an organism, a population) that may influence its function or activity. Thus, other genes within an organism may be part of a gene's environment, or other individuals in a population may be part of an organism's environment.
===Glossary of "Life (9th ed.)" by [[Sadava_Hillis_Heller_Berenbaum_2011|Sadava et al. (2011)]]===
===Glossary of "Life (9th ed.)" by [[Sadava_Hillis_Heller_Berenbaum_2011|Sadava et al. (2011)]]===
*Whatever surrounds and interacts with or otherwise affects a [[population]], [[organism]], or [[cell]]. May be external or internal.
*Whatever surrounds and interacts with or otherwise affects a [[population]], [[organism]], or [[cell]]. May be external or internal.
===Glossary of "Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet (2nd ed.)" by [[Botkin_Keller_1998|Botkin & Keller (1998)]]===
*All factors (living and nonliving) that actually affect an individual organism or population at any point in the life cycle Environment is also sometimes used to denote a certain set of circumstances surrounding a particular occurrence (environments of deposition, for example).
==文献（引用）==
==文献（引用）==
*[[Botkin_Keller_1998|Botkin, D. B. & Keller, E. A. 1998. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet, 2nd ed. -xxxxii + 649 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.]]
*[[Futuyma_Kirkpatrick_2017|Futuyma, D. J. & Kirkpatrick, M. 2017. Evolution, 4th ed. -xviii + 602 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]]
*[[Futuyma_Kirkpatrick_2017|Futuyma, D. J. & Kirkpatrick, M. 2017. Evolution, 4th ed. -xviii + 602 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]]
*[[Krebs_2009|Krebs, C. J. 2009. Ecology, 6th ed. -xvi + 655 pp. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco.]]
*[[Krebs_2009|Krebs, C. J. 2009. Ecology, 6th ed. -xvi + 655 pp. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco.]]
*[[Sadava_Hillis_Heller_Berenbaum_2011|Sadava, D., Hillis, D. M., Heller, H. C. & Berenbaum, M. R. 2011. Life: The Science of Biology, 9th ed. -xliv + 1266 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]]
*[[Sadava_Hillis_Heller_Berenbaum_2011|Sadava, D., Hillis, D. M., Heller, H. C. & Berenbaum, M. R. 2011. Life: The Science of Biology, 9th ed. -xliv + 1266 pp. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]]
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[http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/index-j.html 広島大学] / [http://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~museum/ デジタル自然史博物館] / [http://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~museum/plant/ 植物] / [[生物の用語集（アルファベット順）|アルファベット順]] / [[生物の用語集（アルファベット順）_E|E]] | [[生物の用語集（仮名順）|仮名順]] にもどる
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