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*The presence in multiple groups of a [[trait]] that is not inherited from the common ancestor of those groups. Can result from [[convergent_evolution|convergent evolution]], [[evolutionary_reversal|evolutionary reversal]], or parallel evolution.
 
*The presence in multiple groups of a [[trait]] that is not inherited from the common ancestor of those groups. Can result from [[convergent_evolution|convergent evolution]], [[evolutionary_reversal|evolutionary reversal]], or parallel evolution.
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=== Glossary of Plant Systematics (1st ed.) by [[Simpson_2006|Simpson (2006)]] ===
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=== Glossary of "Plant Systematics (1st ed.)" by [[Simpson_2006|Simpson (2006)]] ===
 
* Similarity that is not due to homology or common ancestry, but the result of independent evolutionary change.
 
* Similarity that is not due to homology or common ancestry, but the result of independent evolutionary change.
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=== Glossary of "Ancestors in Our Genome" by [[Harris_2015|Harris (2015)]] ===
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*similar features evolving in unrelated organisms; non-homologous features.
    
== 文献(引用) ==
 
== 文献(引用) ==
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*[[Harris_2015|Harris, E. E.  2015.  Ancestors in Our Genome: the New Science of Human Evolution.  - xx + 226 pp.  Oxford University Press, New York.]]
 
*[[Kitching_Forey_Humphries_Williams_1998|Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L. Humphries, C. J. & Williams, D. M.  1998.  Cladistics, 2nd ed.: the Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis.  -xii + 228 pp.  Oxford University Press, New York.]]
 
*[[Kitching_Forey_Humphries_Williams_1998|Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L. Humphries, C. J. & Williams, D. M.  1998.  Cladistics, 2nd ed.: the Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis.  -xii + 228 pp.  Oxford University Press, New York.]]
 
*[[Sadava_Hillis_Heller_Berenbaum_2011|Sadava, D., Hillis, D. M., Heller, H. C. & Berenbaum, M. R.  2011.  Life: The Science of Biology, 9th ed.  -xliv + 1266 pp.  Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]]
 
*[[Sadava_Hillis_Heller_Berenbaum_2011|Sadava, D., Hillis, D. M., Heller, H. C. & Berenbaum, M. R.  2011.  Life: The Science of Biology, 9th ed.  -xliv + 1266 pp.  Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.]]
* [[Simpson_2006|Simpson, M. G.  2006.  Plant Systematics. -xi + 590 pp.  Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford.]]
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*[[Simpson_2006|Simpson, M. G.  2006.  Plant Systematics. -xi + 590 pp.  Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford.]]
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[http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/index-j.html 広島大学] / [http://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~museum/ デジタル自然史博物館] / [http://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~museum/plant/ 植物] / [[生物の用語集(アルファベット順)|アルファベット順]] / [[生物の用語集(アルファベット順)_H|H]] | [[生物の用語集(仮名順)|仮名順]] にもどる
  

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